Towards integrating GIS and catchment models

Modeling the impact of non-point source pollution in catchments is a complex problem, and one that has troubled natural resource managers for many years. The development of spatially distributed hydrologic models has led to improved model forecasting at the cost of requiring more detailed spatial information. In addition, the analysis is much more sensitive to errors in the data. Incorporation of catchment models into a Geographical Information System (GIS) has improved matters by streamlining data input and providing better interpretation of model outputs. This paper reviews different strategies for linking a catchment model with GIS. It examines data issues related to the performance of models and how well they match physical landscape conditions. Integration with GIS is shown to be necessary for the efficient and proper operation of models in resource management situations. The paper concludes that tighter integration between generic sub-models for physical landscape processes and GIS is still required.  2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.